Me ka kaulana o ka scrap i ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana carburizing i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana hao.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka nui o nā hoa hoʻolei i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea hana carburizing ʻokoʻa i ka hao hoʻolei like ʻole.Ma muli o ka ʻoi aku o 10 mau makahiki o ka ʻike ma ke alakaʻi noi mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku, ua hōʻuluʻulu ka ʻenehana ʻenehana o Yunai i nā mea e pili ana i ka helu absorption o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka carburizer no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā hoaaloha.

I. Ka hui ana o ka hao wai

He kiʻekiʻe loa ka helu heheʻe o ke kalapona i loko o ka carburizer (3 727 ℃), ka mea i hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻia i ka hao wai ma o nā ala ʻelua o ka dissolution a me ka diffusion.ʻO ka solubility o ke kalapona i ka hao wai: Cmax=1.3+0.25T-0.3Si-0.33P-0.45S+0.028Mn, kahi o T ka wela o ka hao wai (℃).

1. Hoʻohui ʻia o ka hao wai.Hiki ke ike ia mai ka hoohalike maluna ae o Si, S a me P e hoemi ana i ka solubility o C a me ka laiki absorption o ka carburizer, oiai o Mn ka mea kue.Ua hōʻike ka ʻikepili i ka emi ʻana o ka absorption rate o carburant e 1 ~ 2 a me 3 ~ 4 pakeneka no kēlā me kēia 0.1% hoʻonui o C a me Si i ka hao wai.Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka helu absorption e 2% ~ 3% no kēlā me kēia 1% Mn hoʻonui.ʻO Si ka mana nui loa, a ma hope o Mn, C a me S. No laila, ma ka hana maoli, pono e hoʻohui mua ʻia ʻo C a hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Si ma hope.

2. Ka wela hao wai.ʻO ka mahana kaulike o ka hao wai (C-Si-O) he mana nui i ka helu absorption.Ke kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ka hao wai ma mua o ka mahana kaulike, hoʻololi ʻo C me ka makemake ʻO, a piʻi aʻe ka nalowale o C i ka hao wai, a emi ka helu absorption.Ke emi ka mahana hao wai ma mua o ka mahana kaulike, emi ka saturation o C, emi ka diffusion o C, a emi ka absorption rate.Ke like ka wela o ka hao wai me ka mahana kaulike, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption rate.ʻOkoʻa ka mahana kaulike o ka hao wai (C-Si-O) me ka ʻokoʻa o C a me Si.Ma ka hana maoli, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka carburant o Yu Na brand a hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka hao wai ma lalo o ka equilibrium wela (1 150 ~ 1 370 ℃).

3. 'O ka ho'oulu 'ana i ka hao wai, he mea ia e ho'ohehe'e ai a me ka ho'opuehu 'ana o C, a e ho'emi ana i ka hikiwawe o ke ahi o ka mea hana carburizing e lana ana ma ka ili o ka hao wai.Ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka carburizing agent, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻouluulu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption rate, akā ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana he hopena nui i ke ola o ka lining, akā hoʻomāhuahua hoʻi i ka nalowale o C i ka hao wai.Pono ka manawa hoʻoulu kūpono e like me ka pōkole ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana ua pau loa ka carburizer.

4. Slag scraping inā pono e hoʻohui i ka carburizing agent ma hope o ka liquefaction o ka hao, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka scum umu ahi e like me ka hiki ke pale aku i ka carburizing agent i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o ka slag.

ʻElua, carburizing agent

1. Graphitized microstructure o Yunai brand carburizer.

Hōʻike ka haʻawina ʻo ke ʻano o ke kalapona he amorphous a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o ka amorphous a me ka graphite.Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ke piʻi ka mahana i 2500 ℃ a mālama i kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka graphitization.ʻO ke kalapona i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomehana lua, ʻaʻole ia he pōhaku

ʻO ke degere o ka hoʻololi kalapona kalapona i kapa ʻia ka degere o ka kalapona kalapona, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻāʻo o ka carbon microanalysis.Ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo graphite crystal structure, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka graphite structure he papa mokulele i haku ʻia me hexagonal carbon atom plane network, a ua hoʻopili ʻia nā papa me kekahi i kekahi e ka ikaika van der Waals, a pēlā e hana ai i kahi hale aniani lattice e hohola mau loa ana. ma ka aoao ekolu.Hoʻohana ʻia ka diffraction X-ray e ana i ka ʻāpana o ke ʻano aniani hexagonal maʻamau ma hope o ka graphitization e hoʻāʻo ai i ke degere o ka graphitization.

ʻO ke kēkelē graphitization kahi kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi o ka carburizing agent.ʻAʻole hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka graphitization ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka absorption carbon, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka hiki nucleation o ka hao wai ma muli o ka hopena homoheteronuclear o kona ʻano me ka graphite hao wai.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui loa ma waena o ka graphitized carburizing agent a me ka non-graphitized carburizing agent ʻo ia ka graphitized carburizing agent he hopena carburizing a me kekahi hopena inoculation.

2. E like me nā waiwai mechanical a me nā hiʻohiʻona huahana o nā hoʻoheheʻe like ʻole, hāʻawi mākou i kahi mea hana carburizing kūikawā no nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe a pau ma o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kalapona a me nā ʻano huaʻōlelo trace element.

ʻO ke kalapona paʻa a me ka lehu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana kūpono o ka carburizing agent, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe;ʻO ka lehu kekahi metala a i ʻole metala ʻole, he haumia, pono e liʻiliʻi loa.ʻO ka nui o ke kalapona paʻa a me ka lehu i ka carburizing agent ʻelua mau mea koʻikoʻi o kēia a me kēlā, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona paʻa i ka carburizing agent, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka carburizing efficiency.ʻO ka carburizer me ka lehu lehu kiʻekiʻe he mea maʻalahi ke "coke" a hana i kahi papa slag, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā ʻāpana kalapona a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, no laila e hoʻemi ai i ka nui o ka hoʻoiho kalapona.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lehu ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka wai hao, hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana mana, a hoʻonui i ka hana i ka hana hoʻoheheʻe.ʻO ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā mea e like me ka sulfur a me ka nitrogen ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka mana o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka defect rate.

3. Ke koho ʻana i ka granularity o ka carburizing agent.

He liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka carburizer a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻopili hao wai, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption rate, akā ua maʻalahi nā ʻāpana maikaʻi e oxidized, akā maʻalahi hoʻi e lawe ʻia e ka ea convection a i ʻole ka lepo. kahe;Pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻāpana i loko o ka hao wai i ka wā hana.Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka carburizing agent me ka hoʻopiʻi, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana, ʻōlelo ʻia ma 0.2 ~ 9.5mm;Inā hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka hao wai a i ʻole ma mua o ka huki ʻana i ka hao ma ke ʻano he hoʻoponopono maikaʻi, hiki ke 0.60 ~ 4.75mm ka nui o ka ʻāpana;Inā carburizing i loko o ka pūʻolo a hoʻohana 'ia e like me pretreatment, ka nui o ka pōpō mea 0.20 ~ 0.85mm;ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.2mm.ʻO ka nui o nā mea e pili ana i ke anawaena o ka umu, nui ke anawaena o ka umu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka carburizer, a me ka hope.

4. E hoʻomalu i ka papa kuhikuhi super pass o Yunai brand carburizer.

ʻO Yu Nai brand carburant he super ikaika loa, ʻo ka ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka ʻāpana kalapona he nui, aia kahi infiltration ʻili nui i ka hao wai, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka diffusion, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helu absorption o ka carburant.